Existentialism is Humanism Essay

The suspicion by Sartre that presence goes before substance reclaims the conventional pondering pith and presence. All in all they imagined that quintessence goes before presence in specific manners. Sartre sets that they are all in all correct somewhat. At the point when he sees that â€Å"Existence goes before essence† he doesn't imply this is consistently the situation, yet rather that occasionally it is so. This can be clarified utilizing his model in the exposition about the â€Å"paper knife†. For this situation of the paper blade, Sartre contends that pith goes before presence, â€Å"that is to state the aggregate of the techniques and the characteristics which made its creation and its definition conceivable †goes before its existence† (Sartre 1946). Embodiment is the articulation made when something is given a definition. Pith sets the constraints of an article and gives the fundamental properties of a thing; that is the thing that it has or what it doesn’t have so as to fill its need of presence. For this situation, substance goes before presence in the rationale that before an architect fabricated the blade there was some arrangement for it that existed in their brain. This arrangement is the quintessence (Sartre 1943). Along these lines when Sartre says that substance goes before presence for this situation he is basically perceiving the way that the blade was planned first and later on it was created. This implies the arrangement to create the blade was there first and later it was delivered following that arrangement. From this model it is anything but difficult to find the general rule that Sartre is attempting to bring out. First for every single produced item or articles, embodiment goes before presence. Since God lives and as he is believed to be the maker of the entire world then it follows that the entire world and everything in it very well may be thought to be an antiquity. God was the ace organizer and He made everything as indicated by His arrangement. God, when He makes man he utilizes a similar system similarly as the assembling of the paper blade since when he makes he recognizes what he is making. The possibility of God was smothered in the eighteenth century yet the possibility of embodiment going before presence was all around acknowledged in the methods of reasoning of Diderot, Voltaire and Kant. Sartre sees that â€Å"In Kant, this comprehensiveness goes so far that the wild man of the forested areas, man in the condition of nature and the middle class are totally contained in a similar definition and have a similar major characteristics. Here once more, the quintessence of man goes before that notable presence which we stand up to in experience† (Sartre 1946). From this examination we get to the subsequent stage. In the event that God experience this implies substance starts things out for everything that is in world. There is a conventional clarification of this awesome arrangement by and large alluded to as Providence in philosophical circles. It alludes to the arrangement that God worked ahead of time before he made the universe and humankind. Be that as it may, this arrangement isn't only for the entire since He has likewise planned all the subtleties since he is an all powerful God. This implies we don't have the human instinct as a rule to define limits on what we can do or what we can't do. Moreover there is likewise a perfect arrangement for people. For instance Socrates has his own pith that limits him to the widespread arrangement of human instinct (Zunjic 2010). Being a nonbeliever, Sartre sees that in the event that God doesn't exists, at that point there is one being whose presence precedes its pith and that is man or human reality as Heidegger puts it. At the point when he says presence goes before pith Sartre give the significance by saying that â€Å" this implies man first exists, he experiences himself, goes into the world and later on finds or characterizes himself. At the point when the man isn't determinable as the existentialist sees him it is on the grounds that to begin with, man is nothing† (Sartre 1946). Man won't be anything until certain occasions later and afterward he will be what he makes himself to be toward the end. As it were man is liable for his activities if presence went before embodiment. â€Å"Therefore existentialism puts place each duty regarding his reality on his shoulders. This implies man isn't just liable for himself yet in addition for all men† (Sartre 1946). Sartre perception that individuals must make themselves and give themselves significance implied that individuals need to ensure themselves as opposed to approaching God to mediate for their benefit. He considered individuals to be the ones answerable for their governmental issues and individual lives. He denied the thought that the villain was answerable for singular acts or the clarification that one was following God. He additionally did no acknowledge the reason of being just human or disliked by ones guardians. It was anything but a reason to follow the group for Sartre. He accepted that individuals make their own virtues through the decisions that they make throughout everyday life. The individuals are the ones liable for attracting their arrangements regarding what they will or won't do (Sartre 1943). The thinkers of the customary types of humanism figured they could keep this thought of a sort of earlier nature without having God as a top priority. They had as a primary concern a nonbeliever perspective on nature just as the thought of an arranged universe where things occurred in a foreordained and requested way. As per Sartre they were all off-base. This is in such a case that pith goes before presence when all is said in done, that is ,if the laws that sets the restrictions of what things are and what they can have been built up and decided before the things appeared, at that point where might they exist? (Zunjic 2010). These scholars have associated the idea of presence and pith in such a way, that presence connotes the launch of substance. On the off chance that quintessence portrays what a thing is and presence â€Å"that it is†, at that point it follows that what is sensible about a specific item and what can be thought about it will fit in its pith. It’s from this sort of reasoning that conventional way of thinking drew its portrayal for ones lifestyle. To them having substance implied that individuals could be set inside the universe that gave the capacity to the human turn of events. Be that as it may, Descartes couldn't help contradicting this sort of reasoning inclining toward an extreme first individual impression of his own variant of presence the â€Å"I am†. All things considered he later on altered the old model by fusing his reality as that of a substance dictated by a fundamental property â€Å"thinking†. In this manner the possibility of reality as per Sartre is like that of Descartes’, â€Å"I am, I exists, thusly I am; I am on the grounds that I figure, for what reason do I think? I don’t need to think any more; I am on the grounds that I imagine that I don’t need to be. † (Existentialism Is Humanism. 2010). In outline when Sartre says that presence go before embodiment he implies that man first exists, he experiences himself, goes into the world and later on finds or characterizes himself. At the point when the man isn't determinable as the existentialist sees him it is on the grounds that to begin with, man is nothing. He won't be anything until certain occasions later and afterward he will be what he makes himself to be toward the end. Customary perspectives offer need to pith and high qualities for its highlights though Sartre offers need to presence with its positive reconsideration of its possibility and fleetingness. With this turned around see Sartre accepted we can give full tribute to man and his self imaginative abilities. References Existentialism Is Humanism. (2010). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Recovered May 17, 2010, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/subject/198165/Existentialism-Is-a-Humanism Sartre J. P. (1946), The Humanism of Existentialism. London: World Publishing Company Sartre (1943) Being and Nothingness. London: World Publishing Company Zunjic Bob (2010). The Humanism of Existentialism. Recovered May 17, 201017th, ,from http://www. uri. edu/individual/szunjic/philos/human. htm

Build Mindfulness Publicity Of Their Item †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Build Mindfulness Publicity Of Their Item? Answer: Presentation: Thegoalof every affiliation is to confine the expense acquired in elevating exertion made to assemble the care and do exposure of their thing. The advancing exertion is for enhancing the quantity of exposures todecreasecost to all the proposed intrigue gathering. Importance of cost in association It is appealing for all associations to support their cost efficiency with a particular ultimate objective tocarry outmost conspicuous item presentation for a base proportion of cash contributed. The firm can hold power by general expense smoothing out and ensure relentless turn of events and headway (YazawaandShakouri2011). Predictable control use is in like manner a key accomplishment factor in adventures for extending the generalskill. Each business will endeavor to improve his business. Remembering the ultimate objective to detailappropriatearrangement and trustworthy decision, he has to know answers to explicit inquiries,such as, (a) The best advantage which a business can make. (b) The advantage earned by it is highly stood out from the before years. (c) Comparison of item offering benefits (d) Capital put resources into rough materials. (e) The expense of creation and earlier year correlation. (f) Product offering costmustupdate Cost bookkeeping fills in as a significant mechanical assembly in the hands of the organization toward this way. By separating the expense of age of every unit, it makes the organization know the reactions to the above inquiries. Techniques toachievecost effectiveness: Training:Companies shouldchecktraining system tomake surethat worker is given appropriate authority andaidthem in carrying out the responsibility. Any representative can exceed expectations in their field when the person in question is having with right apparatuses. Putting resources into the preparation program may cost short run cost for the association yet it will build benefit in thelong-term(Stuebs Sun 2010). Example:Infosysis huge corporate, however it gives its representative trainingon standard basisto help themachievelower cost during item improvement process. It expands cost during work time however helps in lessening by and large expense over the long haul. Screen execution: Monitoring worker on normal premise keep staff profitable. Checking is executed by analyzing their performanceofsales and figures. Example:Hewlett-Packardadopted this strategy toachievecost effectiveness. It proactively identifies issues during creation. At that point it quickly distinguishes causes, and in the event that they are because of worker carelessness prompt activity isto betaken, and if the issue is technicalthandefects in the softwareis identified(Ray Das 2010). Foundation of assembling unit: Establishing fabricating unit in different nations helps in which giving cheapraw material and labourwhich helps in cost decrease. This procedure helps in cost decrease as the nation having modest work helps an organization toreducemanufacturing cost and become productive. Model Apple set up its assembling plant in China toachievecost effectiveness in item improvement andreduceorganization cost. Re-appropriating: A business association can likewise re-appropriate its a portion of the action to some other organization or nation toachievecost proficiency. It implies like giving out piece of the creation by business to other firm tocutits item cost (Michela, Carlotta Andrea 2012). This method isfollowedby a few organizations to benefit this office at the lower cost than brought about initially by the association, so lessens time and cost both. Model: Adidas has redistributed the greater part of its essential crude materialneedfrom Country predominantly Cambodia and Canada. The two nations are giving crude material flexibly on contract premise consistently to Adidas which helped its crude material gracefully cost and time too. End: Cost proficiency helps an organization tocutits cost of creation by different procedures. It in a roundabout way helpsachievecompanysaimwith insignificant cost andmaximumproduction. Checking execution, redistributing, setting up assembling plant and preparing are not many of regular strategy utilized by numerous associations toachievecost proficiency. References: Michela, P., Carlotta, M.C. furthermore, Andrea, C., 2012. Hierarchical change: Business processreengineeringor outsourcing?.Annals of Facultyof Economics,1(2), pp.277-287. Beam, S.C. Das, A., 2010. Dissemination of cost and benefit productivity: Evidence from Indian banking.European Journal of Operational Research,201(1), pp.297-307. Stuebs, M. Sun, L., 2010. Business notoriety and work proficiency, profitability, and cost.Journal of Business Ethics,96(2), pp.265-283. Yazawa, K. Shakouri, A., 2011. Cost-proficiency exchange off and the structure of thermoelectric force generators.Environmental science technology,45(17), pp.7548-7553.

An Open Letter to Non-Smoking Family and Friends

An Open Letter to Non-Smoking Family and Friends July 26, 2019 Georgina Palmer/E/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery If you are a smoker, this sample letter can help you express to your friends and family what quitting means to you and help them know how they can best support and help you during the process. Sample Letter Dear______, I am about to try and change my life for the better. I am going to quit smoking. I just wanted to write this letter to you so you know what to expect for the next month or so since the process of nicotine  withdrawal can be very challenging for me, and for those around me. (Most people do not realize it, but nicotine addiction is literally one of the hardest drugs to kick, even harder than heroin, due to how ingrained in our lives it usually is). Everyone reacts to the withdrawal symptoms differently, but in general, during the first two weeks (Hell Week and Heck Week), dont expect much from me. I will most likely not be my normal self. All of my attention will literally be taken up with fighting the physical and mental urges to smoke. I may cry, I may yell, I may ignore you. Worst of all, I may say hurtful things to you, but I want you to know that this is the nicotine talking, not my heart. I will apologize afterward, once the poison has left my body and my mind has cleared, but for the moment, please, please remember that I love you, and let it roll off your back. You need to know that when a smoker quits, the body and the mind will try almost anything to trick the user into taking another puff. I may rationalize that now is not a good time. I may question the worth of my existence. I may talk about feeling a sense of emptiness and loss. My body may develop aches and pains. I may not be able to sleep. I may act like the pain I am experiencing is all your fault. Please be aware that I am doing this for me, not for you. In this one important way, I have to be selfish, so that I cannot give the nicotine a reason to put the blame on anyone else. So you must not feel responsible for my discomfort and depression. Even if you feel you cant stand to see me this way, whatever you do, do not tell me its OK to smoke, just to stop the pain. You have to be strong when I am weak, so do not agree with any junkie thinking I may come up with. Here are 10 things you can do to help: Be there when I need a hug, but dont be hurt when I push you away.If I tell you to leave me alone, give me space, but dont go too far...I need to know you are near no matter what the nicotine says.Dont try to argue with me when I start to rationalize...silence is a more powerful message.Avoid the topic of cigarettes (because Im trying to get them off my mind), unless I bring it up first.Do the best you can to act as if everything is normal. The more normal you act, the faster I will get there.Consciously avoid putting me into situations where I will be in the presence of smokers. This may mean avoiding favorite restaurants or bars, or hanging out with certain friends for awhile.Consciously avoid letting me get into stressful situations...if something stressful can be put off for a couple of weeks, please try to do so. If not, please try to cushion me.Help me avoid trigger situations...places or activities where I usually light up. (For example, dont plan long road trips for the next couple of weeks if I usually smoke in the car).Just keep telling me it will get better, that the emptiness and pain will fade, that you love me, and that this effort is worth it.Tell me I am strong. Tell me you are proud of me. But also, tell me you will be there no matter what I say or do. I just wanted to prepare you because the first few weeks are usually the worst, but be aware that it doesnt suddenly get better...it will be a gradual process. Also, please be aware that while I am doing this quit for me, you and those around me will benefit as well. I will be free from the shackles of needing to know where the closest cigarette store is. I will be free of the smell and stains. I will be free of early death. And I will be free to spend more quality time with those I love.Thank you in advance for being strong enough to love me, and help me through this.Love, _______

Baruch College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Baruch College is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 39%. Ranked nationally, Baruch College is the most selective of the 25 campuses that comprise The City University of New York (CUNY). Located near Wall Street in Midtown, Manhattan, Baruch College has a winning location for its well-regarded Zicklin School of Business. In 2018, the majority of undergraduate students (75%) were enrolled in the Zicklin School, followed by the Weissman School of Arts and Sciences (24%), and the School of Public Affairs (1%). Baruch College frequently ranks among the top New York colleges and universities. Considering applying to Baruch College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Baruch College had an acceptance rate of 39%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 39 were admitted, making Baruch Colleges admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 21,469 Percent Admitted 39% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 20% SAT Scores and Requirements Baruch College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 83% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 670 Math 630 720 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Baruch Colleges admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Baruch College scored between 590 and 670, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 670. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 630 and 720, while 25% scored below 630 and 25% scored above 720. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1390 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Baruch College. Requirements Baruch College does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Baruch requires applicants to submit all SAT scores, but will consider your highest section from each individual section across all SAT test dates. Baruch does not require SAT Subject tests, but will consider scores if submitted. ACT Scores and Requirements Baruch College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. However, Baruch does not provide information about the number of admitted students who submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th percentile Composite 25 29 This admissions data tells us that most of Baruch Colleges admitted students fall within the top 22% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Baruch received a composite ACT score between 25 and 29, while 25% scored above 29 and 25% scored below 25. Requirements Baruch College does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Baruch superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the mean high school GPA of Baruch Colleges incoming freshman class was 89.9. This information suggests that most successful applicants to Baruch College have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph CUNY Baruch College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Baruch College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Baruch College, the most selective of the CUNY colleges, has a competitive admissions pool. Applicants must apply using the CUNY application. Baruch College wants to see high grades in rigorous courses and strong test scores. However, Baruch College has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. You can improve your chances of acceptance by submitting an optional application essay, glowing letters of recommendation, and a resume of extracurricular activities. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. Most admitted students had a high school average of B or better, a combined SAT score of 1100 or higher (ERWM), and an ACT composite score of 22 or higher. Higher test scores will certainly improve your chances, and you can see that many applicants had grades in the A range. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Baruch College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Forms of Sexual Harassment A Case Study - 651 Words

Under federal law there are two distinct forms of sexual harassment (Paul, 1990). The first form is known as quid pro quo harassment and in order for an action of this form to be successful there must be involvement by a supervisor or other person in authority. The fact that Sam, the alleged harasser, is in a supervising position raises the possibility that his behavior toward Paula may be considered quid pro quo sexual harassment. The fact that Paula has reportedly requested that Sam stop approaching her relative to their continuing a romantic relationship establishes the first element of a quid pro quo action. The second element arises by virtue of the fact that Paula has requested a transfer to another department outside the control and authority of Sam and Sam has apparently blocked Paulas request. Under the requirements of a quid pro quo action the victims terms of employment or decisions regarding his or her employment must be affected (Brase, 2001). Sams decision to block Paul as transfer certainly qualifies. In defense of his action to block Paulas transfer Sam has argued that such transfer might endanger Paulas unborn child because the chemicals that are used in the requested department have been shown to be harmful to fetuses. Sams claim may be legitimate; however, his mere assertion would not qualify as a justifiable reason for denying the transfer. Sam is certainly not a medical expert and, unless such claims are documented by a proper authority outside theShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment At The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace Eva L. Mendez-Zacher MG260, Business Law I 28 September 2014 Dr. Anita Whitby Abstract I’m conducting a study on Sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment is possible in all social and economic classes, ethnic groups, jobs and places in the community. 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The Effect of Transformation of pGLO in Bacteria Free Essays

Genetic transformation is a process that primarily is inserting new DNA into an organism to change that organism’s trait. This process has many useful benefits when used correctly in different organisms. In this lab, bacteria was transformed by inserting DNA for Green Fluorescent Proteins. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Transformation of pGLO in Bacteria or any similar topic only for you Order Now The DNA for these proteins were taken from bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria. One of the main lessons of the lab is learning of the use of ‘plasmids’. Plasmids are small pieces of DNA that usually code for one trait and are easily transferable between bacteria. This transfer of plasmids between bacteria is actually extremely helpful for them and are key in their survival. The plasmid that codes for the Green Fluorescent Proteins is accompanied with a gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. To ‘switch on’ the gene for fluorescence caused by the proteins, sugar arabinose must be added to the bacteria’s environment. If there is no sugar arabinose introduced to the plates, then the bacteria will appear white and will not glow, even if the gene for the proteins is successfully inserted. If the gene was successfully inserted and there is sugar arabinose present then the bacteria will glow a fluorescent green. The objectives for this lab is was to see the effects on bacteria in four different cases. The first case is the effect on bacteria when the gene for pGLO is introduced with LB (a ‘broth’ like substance that bacteria feed off of) and ampacillin. The second case is the effect on bacteria when the gene for pGLO is introduced with LB, ampacillin, and sugar arabinose. The third case is the effect on bacteria when no gene for pGLO is introduced, but LB and ampacillin is still introduced, The fourth case is the effect on bacteria when no gene for pGLO is introduced, but bacteria is still placed in a LB enriched environment. The hypothesis for the first plate is that bacteria will grow, however it will not glow even though the pGLO gene is introduced because there is no arabinose to effectively activate the gene. The bacteria will still grow although the ampacillin (which normally kills bacteria) is present because the pGLO gene also acts as a resistant to antibiotics. The hypothesis for the second plate is that bacteria will grow and glow because the gene for pGLO is introduced with sugar arabinose to effectively turn it on. The bacteria will also not die although ampacillin is present because, alike to the first plate, the pGLO assists the bacteria in becoming resistant to antibiotics. The hypothesis for the third plate is that no bacteria will grow at all because it is an ampacillin enriched environment with no pGLO gene to help the bacteria become resistant to the antibiotic. The hypothesis for the fourth plate is that the bacteria will grow normally because although there is no pGLO gene introduced, there is also no antibiotic to prevent the bacteria from growing. (AP Biology Development Committee, 2012) Data/Results: ? Figure 1. Recorded results from observing the transformed bacteria under light and in darkness After proper incubation time, we took the plates and viewed them with the lights on and then turned the lights off to see if any of the plates had colonies that glowed. As seen in Figure 1, the first plate produced some bacteria (one colony) and did not glow. The second plate produced a decent amount of bacteria (eight colonies) and ended up glowing. The third plate did not produce any bacteria at all leaving it impossible to see if anything glowed or not. The fourth plate produced the most amount of bacteria (ten colonies) and did not glow. Conclusion: All four of our hypotheses were correct after reviewing the results. The first plate, that consisted of bacteria with pGLO in an environment of LB and ampacillin, produced colonies however they did not glow due to the fact that there was nothing to turn on the pGLO gene. There needed to be arabinose in the environment for the gene to be expressed and since there was not there was no glow. The second plate, that consisted of bacteria with pGLO in an environment of LB, ampacillin, and arabinose, produced a fair amount of colonies that did end up glowing. The bacteria glowed because the pGLO was successfully inserted and transformed and had the arabinose to express the gene. The third plate, that consisted of bacteria without pGLO in an environment of LB and ampacillin, did not produce any bacteria. This outcome was due to the fact that ampacillin kills bacteria and there was no pGLO gene to help the bacteria become resistant to the antibiotic. The fourth plate, that consisted of bacteria without pGLO in an environment of just LB, produced the most amount of bacteria because although it did not have the pGLO gene to prevent antibiotics from killing the bacteria, there were no antibiotics to have to account for. It makes sense that the fourth plate produced the most bacteria because although in both plates one and two there was pGLO to prevent the ampacillin from killing the bacteria, not all of the bacteria were likely to go through transformation correctly and therefore not all of the bacteria had the pGLO ultimately resulting in the termination of a lot of potential bacteria colonies. (AP Biology Development Committee, 2012) How to cite The Effect of Transformation of pGLO in Bacteria, Papers

Nonverbal Communication and Culture

Questions: The brief should answer the following questions: 1 ) What is the audience's current knowledge, skills-base and abilities? 2 ) What does the audience want to know? 3 ) What does the facilitator know (prior to conducting research into the topic)? 4 ) What is the goals statement? 5 ) What are the learning objectives? Answers: Effective business communication: In the contemporary world, communication is the key to success for both personal as well as professional life. Communication is more than verbal and proper understanding of non-verbal communication and ability to implement gives the advantage to an individual to express and connect with others. When an individual interact with others they send and receive non-verbal signals continuously. The gesture of an individual (how they walk, listens and eye contact) gives stronger signals than verbal communication. In a common communication, the process between two individuals constitutes 93% of non-verbal communication and only 7% of verbal interaction. Business communication can simply explained as the process of sharing of information and knowledge within the organisation and stakeholders for financial profit (AlAfnan, 2014). An organization business process on mainly three modes of communication processes: written, verbal and non-verbal communications. Each process of communication has its importance and meaning in business organizations (Okoro Washington, 2012). In the highly competitive business organization, delivering right communicational process is significantly important. Therefore, it is essential to build up successful communication skills in both oral and written. In addition, it is important to maintain right body language, as physical mannerisms, postures, and facial expressions can interpret as unconsciously communicating your feelings and psychological state (Thill Bove, 2013). In business processes, an effective manager takes both verbal as well as non-verbal communication to connect and understand the need and demand of its stakeholders i.e. the investors, customers and employee workers. Effective communication involves customizing the communication so that it fulfills the interest, benefit, objectives and necessities of the audience. The audience's current knowledge, skills-base and abilities: Understanding the audience desires and expectations, and adapting the communication process for that reason, significantly increases chances of communicating effectively. Audience analysis is the process by which a communicator analyses and assesses the demand of the listeners or audience (Okoro Washington 2012). In business communication, the primary objective is to reach the stakeholders or target audience, so it is crucial to understand the process to adapt to attract them. It is significantly important to assess the current level of knowledge, skills and abilities they possess about the message topic, which will help the communicator to face challenges and hurdles in connecting with the audiences. The audience may have cultural or ethnic biases and the more the communicator understands the target audience it is better to express the content of the message and avoid challenges in communication. The audience want to know: Communication fails when the communicator misjudges the audience, for instance, presenting highly technical presentation in front of novice audience (Guang Trotter 2012). The message conveyed in the communication must connect with the audience. The audience needs to understand the purpose of the communication. Relevant data must present before the audience when the topic is new. Authentic communication happens when both mutually concur on the meaning and consequence of the message they are exchanging. There are mainly five kinds of Audience present in a business communication process: The initial Audience: These people are the first people to undergo the process of communication before presenting it to others. For instance, if a manager has asked his subordinate to prepare a presentation for next meeting then the employee will first show the presentation to the manager before presenting it in front of other of the organization (Hamilton, 2013). Gatekeeper: The gatekeepers are the middle-level managers and executive assistant who filters the messages that are circulated within the organization and they hold the authority to approve or reject certain messages. Primary Audience: The primary audiences are the primary target audience for the communication and they decide whether to accept or reject the message of the communication. For instance, a marketing manager may present a new marketing plan but it is up to the board members whether to accept it or not. Secondary Audience: The secondary audience can observe and remark on the original message or become a part of the execution method. Watchdogs: The different business regulatory organizations and authorities who have the power to stop the communication process before the message could reach its audience. Role of the facilitator: The facilitator is the main presenter or the discussion leader in the business communication process. A facilitator concentrates on both content and process of communication. Content in communication is the main subject or problem that needs to be addressed to the audience and the process is the style or method of interaction adopted to communicate. The facilitator or the communicator should have proper and relevant knowledge and facts about the communicated topic. Sharing irrelevant facts and information can lead to chaos and disagreement within groups. The effective communicator can concentrate on the benefit of stakeholders when constructing solutions (Cornelissen, 2014)). The facilitator should have the ability to answer doubts and conflicts and creating likeliness in the audience. The goals statement of effective business communication: The goal statement in a business organization is to attract and hold the attention of the audience. The facilitator should pay more attention to the communication process by understanding the environment and other factors influencing the decision of the stakeholders. The second important objective should be handling query and objections of the stakeholders. It does not matter how much prepared a communicator is about the discussed subject/plan; he has to handle objections and queries by the stakeholders (Holtzhausen Zerfass 2014). The communication process should be the stimulating conversation between the facilitator and stakeholder to complete the communication process. The sender (communicator) should get the feedback for analyzing the effectiveness of the communication process and if the required message has conveyed to the audience (Thill Bove, 2013). A one-way communication process does not solve the purpose of a business organization. An effective business communication is a lways a two-way process. The learning objectives of this study: The learning objective of this study is to understand the complexities of the business communication process. Although analyzing the concept critically, it realized that other factors need to recognize before considering business communication. When business communication uses different methods to convey the message, the methods may have the different outcome and vary from one another. Thus, it is important to understand how these methods shape business communications. The primary objective of business communication is to peruse and convince the stakeholders. A business may have many contexts, but in most of these, the aim is to use persuasion (Guffey Loewy, 2012). Reference: Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Thill, J. V., Bove, C. L. (2013).Excellence in business communication. R. B. Chatterjee, K. Subramanian (Eds.). Pearson. Grunig, J. E. (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Okoro, E. A., Washington, M. C. (2012). Workforce diversity and organizational communication: Analysis of human capital performance and productivity.Journal of Diversity Management (Online),7(1), 57. Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C., Planken, B. (2013).What is Business Discourse?(pp. 3-44). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Guang, T., Trotter, D. (2012). Key issues in cross-cultural business communication: Anthropological approaches to international business.African Journal of Business Management,6(22), 6456. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Holtzhausen, D., Zerfass, A. (2014).The Routledge handbook of strategic communication. Routledge. AlAfnan, M. A. (2014, April). Interethnic workplace E-mail communication: An investigation into politeness strategies. InProceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Public Management and Education Research in Tianjin, China (iceeim-14). doi(Vol. 10). Hamilton, C. (2013).Communicating for results: A guide for business and the professions. Cengage Learning.

Amnesia essays

Amnesia essays Amnesia is often fabricated by television. They make it seem as though you bump your head and your life is nothing but a blur but in most cases this is only fiction. Amnesia is loss of memory but there are many different types. People who suffer from memory disorders are normally aware of it. It is normally caused by stroke, injury to the brain, surgery, encephalitis, and electroconvulsive therapy. Amnesia may also be caused by physical trauma, disease, infection, drug and alcohol abuse, or reduced blood flow to the brain. Principle symptom is inability to retain new information. The different types of amnesia are anterograde, retrograde, transient global amnesia, emotional/hysterical amnesia, lacunar amnesia, korsakoff syndrome, and posthypnotic amnesia. Antergrade is the inability to retain new information and normally follows brain trauma. Retrograde is the type of amnesia where a person can recall events after a trauma but not before. Transient global amnesia has no identifiable cause. Researchers suggest that migraines may be a cause. It consists of sudden forgetfulness and confusion and may last 30-60 minutes. Emotional/hysterical amnesia is a type of memory loss caused by psychological trauma. Lacunar amnesia is the inability to remember a specific event. Korsakoff syndrome is memory loss caused by alcoholism. Posthypnotic amnesia is the inability to remember events that occurred during hypnosis or information stored in long-term memory. As you can see, there are many different causes and types of amnesia. And most of the things that you hear are normally embellished. ...

History of Republicanism Essays

History of Republicanism Essays History of Republicanism Essay History of Republicanism Essay Essay Topic: On Liberty The Republic Introduction A wise man once said, you cannot know where you going if you do not know where you are from. These wise words had the intention of reminding people how important history is and why it should not be overlooked. As much as history remains unchanged and there is nothing that can be done to change it, history defines and gives us a sense of belonging. It is through history that we get to learn a lot of things about our past, in the both lines of success and failure. What is republicanism In the history of United States, republicanism has been a major political philosophy ever since its founding. This philosophy was founded in the mid-18thcentury by the Founding Fathers. The Founding Fathers refers to the thirteen individuals of each British Colony in North America. They are called the Founding Fathers because of the great roles they played in liberating the United States of America against the British rule. They are directly affiliated with the liberation of the Americans from colonization. It also refers to those who took part in signing the Declaration of Independence. They came up with the philosophy of Republicanism which had its basis on liberty and campaigning for individual rights. The Founding Fathers are also knows as the leaders of the free world as they made United States citizens sovereign and rejected systems such as monarch and aristocracy. The Great Awakening Definition The Great Awakening refers to a movement that was in British America and Protestant Europe. This movement was evangelical and based on revitalization. The most impacted group by this movement was the American colonies. The values and enlightenment it brought played a crucial role in the attainment of independence of the United States of America. The Great Awakening left a large impact on Protestants in America. The teachings and values upheld by the Great Awakening had a lot to do with personal salvation. The listeners obtained a need of salvation and Jesus Christ was the way to that. Several rituals were done away with during this period such as: hierarchy and ceremonies. Ethics and personal morality were highly advocated for. Connection The two movements have a lot in common. The first teaching that they both advocate for is the freedom of individual. The Great Awakening preached for personal reflection and salvation from evil. People were being asked to accept Jesus Christ who is the key to salvation so as to free them from evil and sins. On the other hand, Republicanism was against colonization and stressed on individual rights as paramount. Republicanism was all about the freedom of people to choose and decide their lives in the lines of politics, leadership, economic activities and lifestyle. Secondly, the two movements had a sense of rebellion. They were formed to oppose the normal way of life that they were not contented with. Republicanism was against colonization and denial of liberty. They did not like how leadership of the states was decided by selected few and the rest had no say. They were against the idea that individual rights were not put to consideration and that the independence of citizens was limited in so many ways. The Great Awakening was against the Protestant way of life. They were against the various rituals conducted and wanted to enhance Christianity.

Fibromyalgia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fibromyalgia - Research Paper Example Typically, the pain that patients face should have been ongoing for a minimum of three months for a correct diagnosis. However, as disabling as the pain is, it does not result in any deformity or damage to internal organs. This is what differentiates fibromyalgia from numerous other rheumatic conditions for instance, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis. This is because these conditions are typified by tissue inflammation that results in damage to muscles or internal organs and deformity to joints (Shiel, 2012). During diagnosis, pain is mapped out from the upper and lower parts of the waist, either sides of the body and the axial skeleton; this accompanied with fatigue, sleep interruptions and non-restorative sleep should lead the physician to diagnosing the patient with fibromyalgia. In addition, the incidence and intensity of the pain is noted to verify the progression of the condition (Lesley et al, pg. 458). Furthermore, in establishing fibromyalgia in patients, the tenderness and pain should be verified using a force of 4kg on a minimum of 11 of 18 tender points within the body. Generally, the diagnosis of fibromyalgia relies on information from the patient, since its existence cannot be determined by objective medical findings, radiographic anomalies or regular laboratory tests. The information provided by the patient indicates the exact location of the pain and its severity as this will help in finding the proper treatment (Lawson, 2009). Notably also, is that even though there are no blood tests or X-Rays that specifically point to diagnosis of fibromyalgia, there is a need to carry out blood tests to exclude other medical conditions and laboratory tests to explain causes of certain symptoms (Lesley et al, pg. 462). Causes and Risk factors Because of the condition being present within families, for example, between mothers and their daughters, researchers have arrived at the conclusi on that a genetic component may be the cause. It is commonly preceded by a physical trauma in the form of a rigorous disease/injury. This sets off the progression of the condition with the central nervous system acting as the point of origin as patients experience pain to stimuli that are not ordinarily experienced by other individuals (â€Å"Fibromyalgia Fact Sheet†, n.d). Over 80% of persons affected by fibromyalgia are women that fall under the age bracket of 35-55. The condition is onset by pathological conditions in some patients while in others by somatization subsequent to traumatic events. Although not recurrent, the elderly, men and children have been seen to be affected by the condition. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus contribute to the risk of developing this condition (â€Å"What causes fibromyalgia†, 2012). Continuous studies have also shown that fibromyalgia patients have advanced levels of a chemical signal known as substance P found in the nervous system, and within their spinal fluid a nerve growth factor. Moreover, patients exhibit levels that are minimal, of chemical serotonin that originates in the brain. This suggests super-sensitivity in the central nervous system particularly around the brain, due to the severity of the pain that patients experience. This has led scientists to highlight that pain perception among fibromyalgia patients is distorted (â€Å"What causes Fibromyalgia†, 2012). Symptoms The primary symptom of fibromyalgia, which is pain, is attributed to

Timing Mediation Initiatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Timing Mediation Initiatives - Essay Example tween Israel and Hamas, where neither party could overcame one another, hence the need of secret negotiations for purposes of stopping the war (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). This was a stalemate, and hence it is a proof that when it occurs, then the time is ripe for mediation. In determining a stalemate, and making a decision on whether it is ripe for mediation, there is a need of assessing the costs of the conflict, and analyzing the losses that both parties have suffered (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). If the organizations have suffered numerous losses, and the costs of maintaining the conflict is becoming expensive, then this is the right time of mediation. Furthermore, there is a need of looking if there are changes in the leadership of an organization. If these changes occur, chances are high that the new leadership would embrace peace, and hence there is a need of starting the process of mediation (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). An example is the end of the 1992 war between Israel and Palestine, with the emergence of a new leader, Itzak Rabin. It is important to explain that if a new leadership that does not embrace dialogue and reconciliation come to power, chances are high that the mediation efforts would fail. For instance, the emergence of Tassos Papadopoulos as the Greek leader of the Cypriots was able to reduce any chances of a peaceful settlement between the Greek Cypriots, and the Turkish Cypriots (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). Subjective indicators also play a role in determining whether a conflict is ripe of mediation or not. This includes the utterances of influential leaders within the parties to a conflict. This is because these leaders have the capability of influencing the party leadership into entering into a negotiation or

Influence of Stigma in Healthcare

Influence of Stigma in Healthcare Step 1: Discuss the ways stigma can influence healthcare delivery for marginalised people and groups in Australian society. People from the following groups may be stigmatised. Explore this question from one of the following marginalised groups: refugees, indigenous Australians, mentally ill or homeless people, older adults or the disabled. Step 2: My definition of stigma is when someone is discriminated against and stereotyped by their mental health illness causing them to be treated unequal to others. I have made many observations in relation to stigma and mental healthcare delivery while working as an assistant nurse in a mental health hospital. In my experience, I observed staff stigmatise and discriminate against certain mentally ill patients due to the staff’s values and expectations of mental health illnesses. This caused a lower standard of care as the staff neglected certain patients if they believed mental health was not a valid health issue. When related to the sociological imagination template (Germov, 2014, p. 7, 8) this issue relates to the historical factor as in the past mental health was not valued as highly as biomedicine and there was a higher rate of stigma in mental health. It also relates to the cultural factor as the cultural values of the staff I observed impacted on the delivery of healthcare. In addition to my observations in the workplace, I also experienced stigma first hand during my adolescent years as I experienced depression. I found I was less likely to seek help and healthcare when others within my society such as peers had a lack of understanding or had specific cultural and historical views that caused them to stigmatise me. This impacted on the delivery of healthcare as health professionals were unable to help me unless I presented to them with my issues, causing a lack of healthcare in this situation. The stigma I received from my peers was due to the way the education system is structured as it doesn’t include education about mental health from an early age. It is my experience with depression followed by my observations of stigma that has helped me understand that stigma is such a universal concept affecting many people and their healthcare. Germov (2014, pg. 3) explains health sociology is based on the concept that health issues come about from the social world. Germov also explains (2014, pg. 3) the treatment and causes for health problems are within the social context of the individual. Therefore, if stigma and discrimination are within society, it can not only cause mental health issues, through self-stigmatizing, but also prevent them from improving, by causing individuals to not seek healthcare. Now that I have an understanding of Willis’ sociological imagination template (Germov, 2014, p. 7, 8), I am able to reflect on my experiences with a deeper understanding of the implications stigma has on the delivery of healthcare and the ability of a mentally ill person to seek help. Step 3: Cockerham Cockerham’s (2010, pg. 24-41) reading has deepened my initial observations of how stigma impacted on my own experience of mental illness as they explain the impact globalisation has on the structure of the healthcare system and advancement in medicine, and also the cultural values and expectations of mental illness. The article (Cockerham et al. 2010, pg. 24-41) explains globalisation and the advancement of western medicine is a means to scientifically understand the body in order to improve diagnosis and treatment options. This has had an effect on all aspects of healthcare; however Cockerham et al. (2010) explain the historical neglect of mental health research, due to supernatural and religious beliefs of the past and the view that the study of the mind was the role of the church. This reading has allowed me to understand the development of the structure of mental healthcare as historically mental health was seen as mysterious and religious (Cockerham et al., 2010, pg. 24-41). The article explains that the study of the mind was eventually thought of as medical science, but due to the past perceptions, medical science in physical health was valued higher than mental health knowledge (Cockerham et al., 2010, pg. 24-41). This perception is found within Australian society as Germov (2012, pg. 165) states biomedicine is an important model of health and illness. This may have caused the cultural values of the staff I observed in my workplace, causing them to put biomedicine above mental healthcare, often devaluing the need for mental health care. The high value for biomedicine and the high value for medical science of physical health before mental health has allowed me to understand the historical cause of stigma. I have since realized I was a victim of stigma durin g my adolescent years which affected my ability to seek healthcare. Healthcare needs to develop further to treat the mentally ill with the respect and dignity they deserve. Step 4: By reflecting on my experiences within mental health it is clear stigma influences healthcare delivery in two main ways 1) through the values and expectations of healthcare professionals and 2) whether or not individuals seek healthcare treatment due to stigma impacting on their perception of their mental health issue. As stated in step 2, health sociology is based on the concept that health problems are created from the social world of the individual, and both the treatment and cause of health issues can be identified in the individual’s social context (Germov, 2014, pg. 3). This topic is very broad, so I will base my reflection on the three main factors from the sociological imagination template (Germov, 2012, pg. 7-8) that present the link between a person and their society/environment i.e. the cultural values and opinions of Australian society and the way the education system is structured and how it can be improved from a critical standpoint. These factors link closely an d impede heavily on the delivery of healthcare in Australia. Such implications include a lower standard of healthcare due to the values of healthcare professionals, and the inability to live up to societys’ expectations causing self-stigmatizing attitudes, leading to a lower chance of the individual seeking out healthcare. There is the inability or decision not to seek help early due to a lack of knowledge given from the education system; however the healthcare system has advanced to create positive outcomes for someone with mental problems within Australian society. It is important to remember that cultural values and structural systems do not just affect the individual, but the society as a whole. The cultural perception of being responsible for our healthcare (Germov, 2014, pg. 8) within Australia has profound implications for people with mental illness as they are often unable to take responsibility of their healthcare. Their inability take charge clashes with views of society and in turn stigma develops. Angel and Thoits (1987) explain that culture mandates the behaviors, response and help-seeking attitudes of individuals’ to their illness, and Chacon (2009) states cultural factors play a large role in help-seeking. Hence the value of being responsible for our healthcare juxtaposed with the failure of the individual to do so, causes the mentally ill person to steer away from seeking treatment, as they are made to believe they have failed their society. Weiss (2010) has given me insight into this value from the doctor’s point of view and that is doctors cannot help us if we won’t help ourselves. This is true to some extent, however in the case of someone with a debilitating mental illness, they are often unable to help themselves. During my experience, I also felt as though I could not help myself as my illness caused a lack of self-confidence and respect to help myself. This ultimately causes a lack of healthcare and a failure of the healthcare system to deliver care due to the values and expectations of society and healthcare professionals. Cappelen Norheim (2005) have given me insight into another viewpoint of being responsible for our own health. It is explained that lifestyle choices have a huge impact on our health and hence why some believe putting responsibility on the individual is fair (Cappelen Norheim, 2005). However, if a person has chosen to take illegal substances for example, that have ultimately caused a mental illness, who should decide whether or not they are discriminated against for doing so? And should the extent to which a disease is a result of individual choices be allowed to affect the degree to which it is given priority? This brings up the cultural values of the health professionals that I observed who had a high value for biomedicine and little understanding of how their views were being imposed on their patients, causing discrimination against them. From a critical perspective (Germov, 2013, pg. 7), healthcare delivery can be improved through the structure of the education system. If more education about mental health is provided within the curriculum for young students, stigma among the mentally ill will be reduced due to a greater understanding and acceptance of mental illness among the younger generation. Programs such as headspace, as well as mental health resources, guidelines, and support will help improve the mental health and wellbeing of individuals (State Government Victoria, 2014). This is turn will improve healthcare delivery as the mentally ill will feel less like they have failed their society and more likely to seek treatment. Looking back on my experience, the delivery of healthcare is strongly impacted by the values, expectations and stigma of Australian society towards mental illness. By improving education in Australia we may be able to reduce stigma providing better healthcare outcomes to patients. Step 5: By answering this eModule question, I have developed the graduate attribute of demonstrating respect for the dignity of each individual and for human diversity. I have expanded my knowledge on the impact of stigma on both myself and the individuals within my care, giving me a better respect for the dignity of the individual. Germov (2014) has given me a deeper knowledge that individual problems can be faced by the majority of society at one point or another, giving me the understanding that others, like me, often feel a sense of devalued dignity due to the values and expectations of society as a whole. I have a wider knowledge of the impact my experience had on myself as an adolescent, and would not allow others to feel the same way or experience the same issues. This has allowed me to better care for others keeping in mind the impact of stigma on healthcare delivery, ultimately giving me the skills to become a better nurse. References Angel, T., Thoits, P. (1987). The impact of culture on the cognitive structure of illness. Culture, Medicine and psychiatry, 11(4), 465-494. Doi: 10.1007/BF00048494 Cappelen, A.W., Norheim, O.F. (2004). Responsibility in healthcare: a liberal egalitarian approach. Journal Med Ethics, 31, 476-480. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.010421 Chacon, C. (2009). Depression: the tole of cultural factors and perception of treatment. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4998context=etd_theses Cockerham, G.B., Cockerham, W.C. (2010). Globalization: Health benefits and risks. In Health and globalization (pp. 24-41). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Germov, J. (2014). Ethnicity, health, and multiculturalism. In J. Germov, Second opinion: An introduction to health sociology (5th ed.). (pp. 163-183). South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. State Government Victoria. (2014). Student mental health and suicide response/planning. Retrieved from http://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/principals/health/pages/studenthealth.aspx Weiss, P.J. (2010). Take responsibility for your own health. Retrieved from http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2010/12/responsibility-health.html

Court History and Purpose Paper Essay

The Superior Court of Los Angeles County is the largest single unified court in the United States. This court serves over 40 courthouses and operates about 600 courtrooms and staffs approximately 5,400 employees. The Municipal court is devoted to resolving and recording legal matters while upholding values of Integrity, Accessibility, and fairness. Growing up in Los Angeles has always fascinated me with how the court system processes so many criminals in the amount of time they have, with the amount of employees they staff. How do they do it (Hansen, 1998)? The traffic court handles cases that start off with citations or tickets written by a law enforcement officer. Parking tickets are not process at traffic division courts, only by local city or Los Angeles Parking Violations Bureau. Driving Under the Influence (DUI) cases are handled in criminal court division. When cases the State has filed against one or more persons involved in criminal offenses such as, infractions, felonies, and misdemeanors the criminal court handles these cases. Criminal division also handles warrants, fugitive warrants and extradition proceedings, and grand jury indictments. The policy makers of the U.S. Constitution requested that the federal government have limited power, to regulate the kind of cases federal courts would have. Most of the laws that are passed are decided by usually the state which allows the state court to handle most disputes that govern our lives on day to day bases. The federal courts defend our freedom of speech and our equal protection under the law. Federalism is the significant idea of a government dividing the power amongst a national government and a state or regional government. State courts primarily handle all cases that the federal court will not take. When federal courts portray federal laws, state court interprets a state law which is called â€Å"General Jurisdiction†. The federal court system only hears  special cases under certain circumstances. Basically, the federal court hear two types of cases; those that raise a â€Å"federal question† and those that involving â€Å"diversity of citizenship† (Gray, Ritter & Graham, 2012). A common law legal system is a system of law identified by case law which is developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals. Common law systems also include images enacted by legislative frame. In comparison to common law systems, civil law systems are created on a set of legal codes, which are organized laws that pursue to cover exhaustively the various legal domains. It is characterized by an absence of precedent in the judicial application of these codes. Common law courts have had the authority to make law where no legislative statute exists, and statutes mean what courts interpret them to mean. By contrast, in the civil law jurisdictions the legal tradition that prevails or is combined with common law is statured. The criminal justice system is made up of sets of agencies and processes that are established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate the law. The criminal justice system operates differently depending on the jurisdiction it is in charge of, whether it be city, county, state, federal or tribal government or military installation. Different jurisdictions have various laws, agencies, and ways of managing the criminal justice process. The justice system is the mechanism that upholds the rule of the law. The courts provide a forum to resolve disputes and to test and enforce laws in a fair and rational manner. The courts are an impartial forum, and judges are free to apply the law without regard to the government’s wishes or the weight of the public’s opinion. Court decisions are based on what the law says and what the evidence proves. There is no place in the courts for suspicion, bias or favoritism. This is why justice is often symbolized as a blindfolded figure balancing a set of scales, oblivious to anything that could detract from the pursuit of an outcome that is just and fair. Though a number of rights derived from the Constitution protect the accused from abuses and overreaching from law enforcement officers, the arguably most important of these rights are the Miranda advisement and the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Superior_Court http://judiciallearningcenter.org/state-courts-vs-federal-courts

How Effectively an Organization Meets the Wants

Competitiveness How effectively an organization meets the wants and needs of customers relative to others that offer similar goods or services Business compete using MARKETING 1. Identifying consumer wants and/or needs is a basic input in an organization’s decision making process, and central to competitiveness. The idea is to achieve a perfect match between those wants and needs and the organization’s goods and/or services. 2. Price and quality are key factors in consumer buying decisions. It is important to understand the trade-off decision consumers make between price and quality. 3.Advertising and promotion are ways organizations can inform potential customers about features of their products or services, and attract buyers. Business compete using OPERATION 1. Product and service design should reflect joint efforts of many areas of the firm to achieve a match between financial resources, operations capabilities, supply chain capabilities,and consumer wants and needs . Special characteristics or features of a product or service can be a key factor in consumer buying decisions. Other key factors include innovation and the time-to-market for new products and services. 2.Cost of an organization’s output is a key variable that affects pricing decisions and profits. Cost-reduction efforts are generally ongoing in business organizations. Productivity(discussed later in the chapter) is an important determinant of cost. Organizations with higher productivity rates than their competitors have a competitive cost advantage. A company may outsource a portion of its operation to achieve lower costs, higher productivity, or better quality. 3. Location can be important in terms of cost and convenience for customers. Location near inputs can result in lower input costs.Location near markets can result in lower transportation costs and quicker delivery times. Convenient location is particularly important in the retail sector. 4. Quality refers to material s, workmanship, design, and service. Consumers judge quality in terms of how well they think a product or service will satisfy its intended purpose. Customers are generally willing to pay more for a product or service if they perceive the product or service has a higher quality than that of a competitor. 5. Quick response can be a competitive advantage. One way is quickly bringing new or improved products or services to the market.Another is being able to quickly deliver existing products and services to a customer after they are ordered, and still another is quickly handling customer complaints. 6. Flexibility is the ability to respond to changes. Changes might relate to alterations in design features of a product or service, or to the volume demanded by customers, or the mix of products or services offered by an organization. High flexibility can be a competitive advantage in a changeable environment. 7. Inventory management can be a competitive advantage by effectively matching s upplies of goods with demand. . Supply chain management involves coordinating internal and external operations (buyers and suppliers) to achieve timely and cost-effective delivery of goods throughout the system. 9. Service might involve after-sale activities customers perceive as value-added, such as delivery, setup, warranty work, and technical support. Or it might involve extra attention while work is in progress, such as courtesy, keeping the customer informed, and attention to details. Service quality can be a key differentiator; and it is one that is often sustainable.Moreover, businesses rated highly by their customers for service quality tend to be more profitable, and grow faster, than businesses that are not rated highly. 10. Managers and workers are the people at the heart and soul of an organization, and if they are competent and motivated, they can provide a distinct competitive edge by their skills and the ideas they create. One often overlooked skill is answering the t elephone. How complaint calls or requests for information are handled can be a positive or a negative. If a person answering is rude or not helpful, that can produce a negative image.Conversely, if calls are handled promptly and cheerfully, that can produce a positive image and, potentially, a competitive advantage. Key EXTERNAL factor 1. Economic conditions. These include the general health and direction of the economy, inflation and deflation, interest rates, tax laws, and tariffs. 2. Political conditions. These include favorable or unfavorable attitudes toward business, political stability or instability, and wars. 3. Legal environment. This includes antitrust laws, government regulations, trade restrictions, minimum wage laws, product liability laws and recent court experience, labor laws, and patents. . Technology. This can include the rate at which product innovations are occurring, current and future process technology (equipment, materials handling), and design technology. 5 . Competition. This includes the number and strength of competitors, the basis of competition (price, quality, special features), and the ease of market entry. 6. Markets. This includes size, location, brand loyalties, ease of entry, potential for growth, long-term stability, and demographics. Key INTERNAL factors 1. Human resources. These include the skills and abilities of managers and orkers; special talents (creativity, designing, problem solving); loyalty to the organization; expertise; dedication; and experience. 2. Facilities and equipment. Capacities, location, age, and cost to maintain or replace can have a significant impact on operations. 3. Financial resources. Cash flow, access to additional funding, existing debt burden, and cost of capital are important considerations. 4. Customers. Loyalty, existing relationships, and understanding of wants and needs are important. 5. Products and services. These include existing products and services, and the potential for new produ cts and services. . Technology. This includes existing technology, the ability to integrate new technology, and the probable impact of technology on current and future operations. 7. Suppliers. Supplier relationships, dependability of suppliers, quality, flexibility, and service are typical considerations. 8. Other. Other factors include patents, labor relations, company or product image, distribution channels, relationships with distributors, maintenance of facilities and equipment, access to resources, and access to markets. PRODUCTIVITY MEASURE Productivity measures are useful on a number of levels.For an individual department or organization, productivity measures can be used to track performance over time. * This allows managers to judge performance and to decide where improvements are needed. * For example, if productivity has slipped in a certain area, operations staff can examine the factors used to compute productivity to determine what has changed and then devise a means o f improving productivity in subsequent periods. Productivity measures also can be used to judge the performance of an entire industry or the productivity of a country as a whole.These productivity measures are aggregate measures. In essence, productivity measurements serve as scorecards of the effective use of resources. Business leaders are concerned with productivity as it relates to competitiveness: If two firms both have the same level of output but one requires less input because of higher productivity, that one will be able to charge a lower price and consequently increase its share of the market. Or that firm might elect to charge the same price, thereby reaping a greater profit.Government leaders are concerned with national productivity because of the close relationship between productivity and a nation’s standard of living. High levels of productivity are largely responsible for the relatively high standards of living enjoyed by people in industrial nations. Furtherm ore, wage and price increases not accompanied by productivity increases tend to create inflationary pressures on a nation’s economy. Improving Productivity A company or a department can take a number of key steps toward improving productivity: 1.Develop productivity measures for all operations. Measurement is the first step in managing and controlling an operation. 2. Look at the system as a whole in deciding which operations are most critical. It is overall productivity that is important. Managers need to reflect on the value of potential productivity improvements before Okaying improvement efforts. The issue is effectiveness. There are several aspects of this. * One is to make sure the result will be something customers want. * For example, if a company is able to increase its output through roductivity improvements, but then is unable to sell the increased output, the increase in productivity isn’t effective. * Second, it is important to adopt a systems viewpoint: A productivity increase in one part of an operation that doesn’t increase the productivity of the system would not be effective. * For example, suppose a system consists of a sequence of two operations, where the output of the first operation is the input to the second operation, and each operation can complete its part of the process at a rate of 20 units per hour.If the productivity of the first operation is increased, but the productivity of the second operation is not, the output of the system will still be 20 units per hour. 3. Develop methods for achieving productivity improvements, such as soliciting ideas from workers (perhaps organizing teams of workers, engineers, and managers), studying how other firms have increased productivity, and reexamining the way work is done. 4. Establish reasonable goals for improvement. 5. Make it clear that management supports and encourages productivity improvement. Consider incentives to reward workers for contributions. . Measure impr ovements and publicize them. Other factors that affect productivity include the following: * Standardizing processes and procedures wherever possible to reduce variability can have a significant benefit for both productivity and quality. * Quality differences may distort productivity measurements. One way this can happen is when comparisons are made over time, such as comparing the productivity of a factory now with one 30 years ago. Quality is now much higher than it was then, but there is no simple way to incorporate quality improvements into productivity measurements. Use of the Internet can lower costs of a wide range of transactions, thereby increasing, productivity. It is likely that this effect will continue to increase productivity in the foreseeable future. * Computer viruses can have an immense negative impact on productivity. * Searching for lost or misplaced items wastes time, hence negatively affecting productivity. * Scrap rates have an adverse effect on productivity, signaling inefficient use of resources. * New workers tend to have lower productivity than seasoned workers. Thus, growing companies may experience a productivity lag. Safety should be addressed. Accidents can take a toll on productivity. * A shortage of information technology workers and other technical workers hampers the ability of companies to update computing resources, generate and sustain growth, and take advantage of new opportunities. * Layoffs often affect productivity. The effect can be positive and negative. Initially, productivity may increase after a layoff, because the workload remains the same but fewer workers do the work—although they have to work harder and longer to do it.However, as time goes by, the remaining workers may experience an increased risk of burnout, and they may fear additional job cuts. The most capable workers may decide to leave. * Labor turnover has a negative effect on productivity; replacements need time to get up to speed. * Design of the workspace can impact productivity. For example, having tools and other work items within easy reach can positively impact productivity. * Incentive plans that reward productivity increases can boost productivity.

Effects Of Depression On College Students - 1335 Words

Depression is a commonly known mental illness that is founded not only in adults but, is founded more in College students. The 2012 from the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors indicated that 95% of counseling center directors believe that psychological problems are a growing concern and that depression is one of the most prevalent concerns with 36% of college students affected (Jennifer E. Merrill, 2014). Depression in college tends to lead to alcohol abuse because they are experiencing extreme depression. When college students have depression it affects their ability to perform in academics. Gender plays a big role in depression and it determines which gender consumes alcohol more In this study Gender and Depression Moderate Response to Brief Motivational Intervention for Alcohol Misuse among College Students they tested intervention conditions, gender, and depression. 80% of college students experience depression or poor mental health consume alcoho l, and many report heavy episodic drinking (Jennifer E. Merrill, 2014). Depression is founded in college students the most because they are stressing about their academics so they tend to fall into depression which lead them to consuming alcohol. Women in this study shows that they are reduced to harmful drinking without intervention while depressed men are at risk for worse drinking outcomes where overtime don’t go to intervention. 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Not only because they have unprecedented freedom and much spare time, but also because they desire to get connected with their friends. They can manage their time as they want and there are more opportunities for them to them to meet and communicate with diverse types of people. For today’s Chinese college students, wherever they go, most of them take their cellphone, chattingRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesis a frequent obstacle that many college students in America face. Insomnia in college students can have an immense impact on psychological and physical health, which greatly influence academic success. Research shows that 70% of college students qualify as sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation has also been linked with several diseases/disorders, including: depression, anxiety, and obesity. Our research question investigated how sleep depr ivation in college students affects them physiologically andRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1217 Words   |  5 Pages Although acquiring the basic amount of sleep seems to be an easy task, college students are struggling to snag even a couple hours of sleep, thus significantly affecting their four domains of development during a crucial developmental period in their lives. College students are going through the development period, Emerging Adulthood, which is from the ages of 18 to 25 years old. During this period of time, adolescents tend to focus on their self-development and discover their identity and the four